经常出现在食物中的麦芽糊精是什么？
来源：http://www.jnjdbc.com 日期：2021-02-26 发布人：admin
麦芽糊精是一种常见的食品填充料和增稠剂。各类淀粉（如玉米、大米、小麦）是它的生产原料。在水、酶及酸性物质的作用下被糊化、部分水解，通过喷雾干燥制成，呈白色粉末状。
Maltodextrin is a common food filler and thickener. All kinds of starch (such as corn, rice, wheat) are its raw materials. It is gelatinized and partially hydrolyzed under the action of water, enzyme and acidic substances. It is made by spray drying and is white powder.
麦芽糊精粘性高，能较好地将食物中不同成分“绑定”在一起，增加食品稳定性。麦芽糊精也能作为防腐剂，延长食品保质期。
Maltodextrin has high viscosity, which can bind different ingredients in food and increase food stability. Maltodextrin can also be used as preservative to extend the shelf life of food.
由于便宜、功能多样，绝大多数食品和饮品中都有麦芽糊精的身影，例如各式饼干、冰淇淋、蛋糕、沙拉酱、乳清蛋白粉、人工甜味剂、运动饮料、固体饮料、火腿等加工肉类、低脂食品和保健品中。
Because of its low price and various functions, maltodextrin is found in most foods and drinks, such as biscuits, ice cream, cakes, salad dressings, whey protein powder, artificial sweeteners, sports drinks, solid drinks, ham and other processed meat, low-fat foods and health products.
部分婴幼儿有乳糖不耐受的情况，因此，市面上也有用麦芽糊精替代乳糖的奶粉，满足这部分婴幼儿的糖份和热量需求。
Some infants have lactose intolerance. Therefore, milk powder with maltodextrin instead of lactose is also available on the market to meet the sugar and calorie needs of these infants.
麦芽糊精在体内的“消化路线”和淀粉类食品一样，终会被消化、分解为葡萄糖，为人体提供热量。
Maltodextrin in the body of the "digestion route" and starch food, will eventually be digested, decomposed into glucose, to provide heat for the human body.
麦芽糊精的吸收速度和葡萄糖差不多，因此也属于升糖指数高，也就是吃下后能快速提升血糖的类别。但考虑到实际摄入量与其它提升血糖的食物相比不算大，因此对血糖浓度的整体影响偏小。
Maltodextrin's absorption speed is similar to that of glucose, so it also belongs to the category of high glycemic index, that is, it can quickly improve blood glucose after eating. However, considering that the actual intake is not large compared with other foods to increase blood glucose, the overall impact on blood glucose concentration is small.
麦芽糊精对肠道健康的影响，尤其是本身已有肠道疾病的人群，可能带来的负面影响，研究发现，麦芽糊精可引起低度炎症或加重肠道炎症，影响肠道菌群平衡。也可抑制肠道自身的免疫、能力，导致肠道内致病细菌数量增加，加大患上肠道炎症的概率（尤其对于肠道炎症疾病的高危、易感群体）。
Maltodextrin has a negative effect on intestinal health, especially for people with intestinal diseases. Studies have found that maltodextrin can cause low-grade inflammation or aggravate intestinal inflammation, affecting the balance of intestinal flora. It can also inhibit the immune and antibacterial ability of the gut, increase the number of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, and increase the probability of suffering from intestinal inflammation (especially for the high-risk and susceptible groups of intestinal inflammatory diseases).
部分实验用的麦芽糊精的浓度与婴幼儿奶粉中添加的麦芽糊精的浓度是一致的。
The concentration of maltodextrin used in some experiments is consistent with that added in infant milk powder.
于多数健康人群来说，不需要为偶尔一次两次摄入麦芽糊精太过担心，谈之色变。肠道炎症类型的疾病病理机制复杂，由多种因素共同影响。而目前的相关研究不足以支撑 “健康人群吃下麦芽糊精后会患上肠道炎症”的说法。但麦芽糊精广泛存在于加工食品中，而许多加工食品和加工零食本身就存在糖、盐和反式脂肪过多，膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质不足的问题。如果总吃这种类型的加工食品、零食，总有身体会有各种小毛病出现。
For most healthy people, there is no need to worry too much about taking maltodextrin once or twice. The pathological mechanism of intestinal inflammation is complex, which is affected by many factors. However, the current relevant research is not enough to support the statement that "healthy people will suffer from intestinal inflammation after eating maltodextrin". However, maltodextrin widely exists in processed foods, and many processed foods and snacks have the problems of excessive sugar, salt and trans fat, and insufficient dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. If you always eat this type of processed food and snacks, you will have all kinds of small problems one day.
因此，尽量选择新鲜的、非加工的、营养密度高的食品。实在想购买加工食品时，留意包装上的配料表，尽量避免选择有麦芽糊精的版本，或者在配料表上麦芽糊精排在后面的食品（排在越后面，说明添加量越少）。
Therefore, try to choose fresh, non processed, high nutritional density food. If you really want to buy processed food, pay attention to the ingredients list on the package, and try to avoid the version with maltodextrin, or the food with maltodextrin in the back of the ingredients list (the more the food is in the back, the less it is added).
对于已患有肠炎（如克罗恩病），以及肠炎高风险人群，在日常生活中应尽量避免食用含麦芽糊精的加工食品、饮品。
For those who have already suffered from enteritis (such as Crohn's disease) and those with high risk of enteritis, we should try to avoid eating processed foods and drinks containing maltodextrin in daily life.
对于为婴幼儿挑选奶粉的父母，由于婴幼儿肠道较弱，尽量也避免挑选含有麦芽糊精的配方奶，除非婴幼儿患有乳糖不耐受。
For parents who choose milk powder for infants and young children, due to the weak intestinal tract of infants and young children, try to avoid choosing formula containing maltodextrin, unless infants and young children have lactose intolerance.